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<?php
/**
* webtrees: online genealogy
* Copyright (C) 2025 webtrees development team
* This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
* it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
* the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
* (at your option) any later version.
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
declare(strict_types=1);
namespace Fisharebest\Webtrees\Encodings;
use function preg_replace;
use function strtr;
/**
* Convert between UTF-8 and ANSEL encoding.
*
* ANSEL is the common name for the MARC-21 encoding, also known as Z39.47, which
* has a number of editions. These are denoted by a year suffix.
*
* The GEDCOM 5.5.1 specification (1999-10-02) specifies the Z39.47-1985 edition.
* It adds Es Zett (ß) at CF.
*
* According to wikipedia, other non-standard characters are also added.
*
* HEX Unicode Glyph Description
* BE 25A1 □ Empty box
* BF 25A0 ■ Black box
* CD 0065 e Midline e
* CE 006F o Midline o
* CF 00DF ß Es Zett
* FC 0338 / Combining slash
*
* @link https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSEL
*
* The MARC-21 specification has added a number of additional characters since
* the 1985 edition.
*
* HEX Unicode Glyph Description
* 88 0098 Start of string
* 89 009C String terminator
* 8D 200D Zero width joiner
* 8E 200C Zero width non-joiner
* A7 CAB9 ʹ Single prime
* AC C6AF Ơ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN
* AD C6AF Ư LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN
* B7 CABA ʺ Double prime
* BC C6A1 ơ LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN
* BD C6B0 ư LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN
* C0 C2B0 ° Degree sign
* C1 E28493 ℓ Script small L
* C2 E28497 ℗ Sound recording copyright
* C4 E282AC ♯ Music sharp sign
* C7 00DF ß Es Zett
* C8 20AC € Euro sign
* E0 0309 Hook above
* EB 0361 Breve (first part / double)
* EC 0361 Breve (second part)
* EF 0310 Candrabindu
* F2 0323 Low dot
* F3 0324 Diaeresis below
* F4 0325 Ring below
* F5 0333 Double underline
* F7 0332 Underline
* F8 031C Comma below
* F9 032E Breve below
* FA 0360 Double tilde (first part / double).
* FB 0360 Double tilde (second part).
* FF 0338 Slash
*
* @link https://memory.loc.gov/diglib/codetables/45.html
*
* Note that this means we can expect two different representations of Es Zett.
*
* There are two multi-part diacritics. There are two ways to represent these.
*
* ANSEL | UTF-8 | UTF-8 (prefered)
* ------------+---------------+-----------------
* FA x FB y | x FE22 y FE23 | x 0360 y
* EB x EC y | y FE20 y FE21 | x 0361 y
*/
class ANSEL extends AbstractEncoding
{
public const string NAME = 'ANSEL';
protected const array TO_UTF8 = [
"\x80" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x81" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x82" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x83" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x84" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x85" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x86" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x87" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x88" => UTF8::START_OF_STRING,
"\x89" => UTF8::STRING_TERMINATOR,
"\x8A" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x8B" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x8C" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x8D" => UTF8::ZERO_WIDTH_JOINER,
"\x8E" => UTF8::ZERO_WIDTH_NON_JOINER,
"\x8F" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x90" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x91" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x92" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x93" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x94" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x95" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x96" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x97" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x98" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x99" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x9A" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x9B" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x9C" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x9D" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x9E" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\x9F" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xA0" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xA1" => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_L_WITH_STROKE,
"\xA2" => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_STROKE,
"\xA3" => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_D_WITH_STROKE,
"\xA4" => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_THORN,
"\xA5" => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_AE,
"\xA6" => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LIGATURE_OE,
"\xA7" => UTF8::MODIFIER_LETTER_PRIME,
"\xA8" => UTF8::MIDDLE_DOT,
"\xA9" => UTF8::MUSIC_FLAT_SIGN,
"\xAA" => UTF8::REGISTERED_SIGN,
"\xAB" => UTF8::PLUS_MINUS_SIGN,
"\xAC" => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_HORN,
"\xAD" => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_HORN,
"\xAE" => UTF8::MODIFIER_LETTER_APOSTROPHE,
"\xAF" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xB0" => UTF8::MODIFIER_LETTER_TURNED_COMMA,
"\xB1" => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_L_WITH_STROKE,
"\xB2" => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_STROKE,
"\xB3" => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_D_WITH_STROKE,
"\xB4" => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_THORN,
"\xB5" => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_AE,
"\xB6" => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LIGATURE_OE,
"\xB7" => UTF8::MODIFIER_LETTER_DOUBLE_PRIME,
"\xB8" => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_DOTLESS_I,
"\xB9" => UTF8::POUND_SIGN,
"\xBA" => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_ETH,
"\xBB" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xBC" => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_HORN,
"\xBD" => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_HORN,
"\xBE" => UTF8::WHITE_SQUARE,
"\xBF" => UTF8::BLACK_SQUARE,
"\xC0" => UTF8::DEGREE_SIGN,
"\xC1" => UTF8::SCRIPT_SMALL_L,
"\xC2" => UTF8::SOUND_RECORDING_COPYRIGHT,
"\xC3" => UTF8::COPYRIGHT_SIGN,
"\xC4" => UTF8::MUSIC_SHARP_SIGN,
"\xC5" => UTF8::INVERTED_QUESTION_MARK,
"\xC6" => UTF8::INVERTED_EXCLAMATION_MARK,
"\xC7" => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_SHARP_S,
"\xC8" => UTF8::EURO_SIGN,
"\xC9" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xCA" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xCB" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xCC" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xCD" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xCE" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xCF" => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_SHARP_S,
"\xD0" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xD1" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xD2" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xD3" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xD4" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xD5" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xD6" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xD7" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xD8" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xD9" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xDA" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xDB" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xDC" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xDD" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xDE" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xDF" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xE0" => UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE,
"\xE1" => UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT,
"\xE2" => UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT,
"\xE3" => UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT,
"\xE4" => UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE,
"\xE5" => UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON,
"\xE6" => UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE,
"\xE7" => UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE,
"\xE8" => UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS,
"\xE9" => UTF8::COMBINING_CARON,
"\xEA" => UTF8::COMBINING_RING_ABOVE,
"\xEB" => UTF8::COMBINING_DOUBLE_INVERTED_BREVE,
"\xEC" => '',
"\xED" => UTF8::COMBINING_COMMA_ABOVE_RIGHT,
"\xEE" => UTF8::COMBINING_DOUBLE_ACUTE_ACCENT,
"\xEF" => UTF8::COMBINING_CANDRABINDU,
"\xF0" => UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA,
"\xF1" => UTF8::COMBINING_OGONEK,
"\xF2" => UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW,
"\xF3" => UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS_BELOW,
"\xF4" => UTF8::COMBINING_RING_BELOW,
"\xF5" => UTF8::COMBINING_DOUBLE_LOW_LINE,
"\xF6" => UTF8::COMBINING_LOW_LINE,
"\xF7" => UTF8::COMBINING_COMMA_BELOW,
"\xF8" => UTF8::COMBINING_LEFT_HALF_RING_BELOW,
"\xF9" => UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE_BELOW,
"\xFA" => UTF8::COMBINING_DOUBLE_TILDE,
"\xFB" => '',
"\xFC" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xFD" => UTF8::REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER,
"\xFE" => UTF8::COMBINING_COMMA_ABOVE,
"\xFF" => UTF8::COMBINING_LONG_SOLIDUS_OVERLAY,
];
// The subset of pre-composed UTF8 characters that can be made from ANSEL characters.
private const array PRECOMPOSED_CHARACTERS = [
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_ACUTE,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_BREVE,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_BREVE_AND_ACUTE,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_BREVE_AND_DOT_BELOW,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_BREVE_AND_GRAVE,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE . UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_BREVE_AND_HOOK_ABOVE,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_BREVE_AND_TILDE,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_CARON,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_ACUTE,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_DOT_BELOW,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_GRAVE,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_HOOK_ABOVE,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_TILDE,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_DIAERESIS,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_DIAERESIS_AND_MACRON,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_DOT_ABOVE_AND_MACRON,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_GRAVE,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_HOOK_ABOVE,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_MACRON,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_OGONEK => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_OGONEK,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_RING_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_RING_ABOVE,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_RING_ABOVE . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_RING_ABOVE_AND_ACUTE,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_RING_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_RING_BELOW,
'A' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_A_WITH_TILDE,
'B' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_B_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'B' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_B_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'C' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_C_WITH_ACUTE,
'C' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_C_WITH_CARON,
'C' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_C_WITH_CEDILLA,
'C' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_C_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'C' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_C_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'C' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_C_WITH_CEDILLA_AND_ACUTE,
'D' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_D_WITH_CARON,
'D' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_D_WITH_CEDILLA,
'D' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_D_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'D' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_D_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_ACUTE,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_BREVE,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_CEDILLA_AND_BREVE,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_CARON,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_CEDILLA,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_ACUTE,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_DOT_BELOW,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_GRAVE,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_HOOK_ABOVE,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_TILDE,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_DIAERESIS,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_GRAVE,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_HOOK_ABOVE,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_MACRON,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_MACRON_AND_ACUTE,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_MACRON_AND_GRAVE,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_OGONEK => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_OGONEK,
'E' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_E_WITH_TILDE,
'F' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_F_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'G' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_G_WITH_ACUTE,
'G' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_G_WITH_BREVE,
'G' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_G_WITH_CARON,
'G' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_G_WITH_CEDILLA,
'G' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_G_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'G' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_G_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'G' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_G_WITH_MACRON,
'H' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_H_WITH_BREVE_BELOW,
'H' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_H_WITH_CARON,
'H' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_H_WITH_CEDILLA,
'H' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_H_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'H' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_H_WITH_DIAERESIS,
'H' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_H_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'H' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_H_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'I' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_I_WITH_ACUTE,
'I' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_I_WITH_BREVE,
'I' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_I_WITH_CARON,
'I' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_I_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'I' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_I_WITH_DIAERESIS,
'I' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_I_WITH_DIAERESIS_AND_ACUTE,
'I' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_I_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'I' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_I_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'I' . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_I_WITH_GRAVE,
'I' . UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_I_WITH_HOOK_ABOVE,
'I' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_I_WITH_MACRON,
'I' . UTF8::COMBINING_OGONEK => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_I_WITH_OGONEK,
'I' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_I_WITH_TILDE,
'J' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_J_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'K' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_K_WITH_CARON,
'K' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_K_WITH_CEDILLA,
'K' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_K_WITH_ACUTE,
'K' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_K_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'L' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_L_WITH_ACUTE,
'L' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_L_WITH_CARON,
'L' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_L_WITH_CEDILLA,
'L' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_L_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'L' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_L_WITH_DOT_BELOW_AND_MACRON,
'M' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_M_WITH_ACUTE,
'M' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_M_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'M' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_M_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'N' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_N_WITH_ACUTE,
'N' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_N_WITH_CARON,
'N' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_N_WITH_CEDILLA,
'N' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_N_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'N' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_N_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'N' . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_N_WITH_GRAVE,
'N' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_N_WITH_TILDE,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_ACUTE,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_BREVE,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_CARON,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_ACUTE,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_DOT_BELOW,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_GRAVE,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_HOOK_ABOVE,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_TILDE,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_DIAERESIS,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_DIAERESIS_AND_MACRON,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_DOT_ABOVE_AND_MACRON,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOUBLE_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_DOUBLE_ACUTE,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_GRAVE,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_HOOK_ABOVE,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_MACRON,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_MACRON_AND_ACUTE,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_MACRON_AND_GRAVE,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_OGONEK => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_OGONEK,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_OGONEK . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_OGONEK_AND_MACRON,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_TILDE,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_TILDE_AND_ACUTE,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_TILDE_AND_DIAERESIS,
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_TILDE_AND_MACRON,
'P' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_P_WITH_ACUTE,
'P' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_P_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'R' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_R_WITH_ACUTE,
'R' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_R_WITH_CARON,
'R' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_R_WITH_CEDILLA,
'R' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_R_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'R' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_R_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'R' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_R_WITH_DOT_BELOW_AND_MACRON,
'S' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_S_WITH_ACUTE,
'S' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_S_WITH_ACUTE_AND_DOT_ABOVE,
'S' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_S_WITH_CARON,
'S' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_S_WITH_CARON_AND_DOT_ABOVE,
'S' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_S_WITH_CEDILLA,
'S' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_S_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'S' . UTF8::COMBINING_COMMA_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_S_WITH_COMMA_BELOW,
'S' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_S_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'S' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_S_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'S' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_S_WITH_DOT_BELOW_AND_DOT_ABOVE,
'T' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_T_WITH_CARON,
'T' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_T_WITH_CEDILLA,
'T' . UTF8::COMBINING_COMMA_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_T_WITH_COMMA_BELOW,
'T' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_T_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'T' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_T_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_ACUTE,
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_BREVE,
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_CARON,
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_DIAERESIS,
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_DIAERESIS_AND_ACUTE,
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_DIAERESIS_AND_CARON,
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_DIAERESIS_AND_GRAVE,
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_DIAERESIS_AND_MACRON,
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_DIAERESIS_BELOW,
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOUBLE_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_DOUBLE_ACUTE,
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_GRAVE,
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_HOOK_ABOVE,
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_MACRON,
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_MACRON_AND_DIAERESIS,
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_OGONEK => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_OGONEK,
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_RING_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_RING_ABOVE,
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_TILDE,
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_U_WITH_TILDE_AND_ACUTE,
'V' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_V_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'V' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_V_WITH_TILDE,
'W' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_W_WITH_ACUTE,
'W' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_W_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'W' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_W_WITH_DIAERESIS,
'W' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_W_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'W' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_W_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'W' . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_W_WITH_GRAVE,
'X' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_X_WITH_DIAERESIS,
'X' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_X_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'Y' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_Y_WITH_ACUTE,
'Y' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_Y_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'Y' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_Y_WITH_DIAERESIS,
'Y' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_Y_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'Y' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_Y_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'Y' . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_Y_WITH_GRAVE,
'Y' . UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_Y_WITH_HOOK_ABOVE,
'Y' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_Y_WITH_MACRON,
'Y' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_Y_WITH_TILDE,
'Z' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_Z_WITH_ACUTE,
'Z' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_Z_WITH_CARON,
'Z' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_Z_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'Z' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_Z_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'Z' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_Z_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_ACUTE,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_BREVE,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_BREVE_AND_ACUTE,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_BREVE_AND_DOT_BELOW,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_BREVE_AND_GRAVE,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE . UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_BREVE_AND_HOOK_ABOVE,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_BREVE_AND_TILDE,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_CARON,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_ACUTE,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_DOT_BELOW,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_GRAVE,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_HOOK_ABOVE,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_TILDE,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_DIAERESIS,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_DIAERESIS_AND_MACRON,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_DOT_ABOVE_AND_MACRON,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_GRAVE,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_HOOK_ABOVE,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_MACRON,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_OGONEK => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_OGONEK,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_RING_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_RING_ABOVE,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_RING_ABOVE . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_RING_ABOVE_AND_ACUTE,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_RING_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_RING_BELOW,
'a' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_A_WITH_TILDE,
'b' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_B_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'b' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_B_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'c' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_C_WITH_ACUTE,
'c' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_C_WITH_CARON,
'c' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_C_WITH_CEDILLA,
'c' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_C_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'c' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_C_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'c' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_C_WITH_CEDILLA_AND_ACUTE,
'd' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_D_WITH_CARON,
'd' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_D_WITH_CEDILLA,
'd' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_D_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'd' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_D_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_ACUTE,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_BREVE,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_CEDILLA_AND_BREVE,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_CARON,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_CEDILLA,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_ACUTE,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_DOT_BELOW,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_GRAVE,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_HOOK_ABOVE,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_TILDE,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_DIAERESIS,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_GRAVE,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_HOOK_ABOVE,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_MACRON,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_MACRON_AND_ACUTE,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_MACRON_AND_GRAVE,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_OGONEK => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_OGONEK,
'e' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_E_WITH_TILDE,
'f' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_F_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'g' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_G_WITH_ACUTE,
'g' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_G_WITH_BREVE,
'g' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_G_WITH_CARON,
'g' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_G_WITH_CEDILLA,
'g' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_G_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'g' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_G_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'g' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_G_WITH_MACRON,
'h' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_H_WITH_BREVE_BELOW,
'h' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_H_WITH_CARON,
'h' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_H_WITH_CEDILLA,
'h' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_H_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'h' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_H_WITH_DIAERESIS,
'h' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_H_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'h' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_H_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'i' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_I_WITH_ACUTE,
'i' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_I_WITH_BREVE,
'i' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_I_WITH_CARON,
'i' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_I_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'i' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_I_WITH_DIAERESIS,
'i' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_I_WITH_DIAERESIS_AND_ACUTE,
'i' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_I_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'i' . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_I_WITH_GRAVE,
'i' . UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_I_WITH_HOOK_ABOVE,
'i' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_I_WITH_MACRON,
'i' . UTF8::COMBINING_OGONEK => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_I_WITH_OGONEK,
'i' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_I_WITH_TILDE,
'j' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_J_WITH_CARON,
'j' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_J_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'k' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_K_WITH_CARON,
'k' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_K_WITH_CEDILLA,
'k' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_K_WITH_ACUTE,
'k' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_K_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'l' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_L_WITH_ACUTE,
'l' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_L_WITH_CARON,
'l' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_L_WITH_CEDILLA,
'l' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_L_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'l' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_L_WITH_DOT_BELOW_AND_MACRON,
'm' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_M_WITH_ACUTE,
'm' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_M_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'm' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_M_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'n' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_N_WITH_ACUTE,
'n' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_N_WITH_CARON,
'n' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_N_WITH_CEDILLA,
'n' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_N_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'n' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_N_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'n' . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_N_WITH_GRAVE,
'n' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_N_WITH_TILDE,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_ACUTE,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_BREVE,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_CARON,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_ACUTE,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_DOT_BELOW,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_GRAVE,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_HOOK_ABOVE,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX_AND_TILDE,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_DIAERESIS,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_DIAERESIS_AND_MACRON,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_DOT_ABOVE_AND_MACRON,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOUBLE_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_DOUBLE_ACUTE,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_GRAVE,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_HOOK_ABOVE,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_MACRON,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_MACRON_AND_ACUTE,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_MACRON_AND_GRAVE,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_OGONEK => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_OGONEK,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_OGONEK . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_OGONEK_AND_MACRON,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_TILDE,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_TILDE_AND_ACUTE,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_TILDE_AND_DIAERESIS,
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_TILDE_AND_MACRON,
'p' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_P_WITH_ACUTE,
'p' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_P_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'r' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_R_WITH_ACUTE,
'r' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_R_WITH_CARON,
'r' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_R_WITH_CEDILLA,
'r' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_R_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'r' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_R_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'r' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_R_WITH_DOT_BELOW_AND_MACRON,
's' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_S_WITH_ACUTE,
's' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_S_WITH_ACUTE_AND_DOT_ABOVE,
's' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_S_WITH_CARON,
's' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_S_WITH_CARON_AND_DOT_ABOVE,
's' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_S_WITH_CEDILLA,
's' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_S_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
's' . UTF8::COMBINING_COMMA_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_S_WITH_COMMA_BELOW,
's' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_S_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
's' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_S_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
's' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_S_WITH_DOT_BELOW_AND_DOT_ABOVE,
't' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_T_WITH_CARON,
't' . UTF8::COMBINING_CEDILLA => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_T_WITH_CEDILLA,
't' . UTF8::COMBINING_COMMA_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_T_WITH_COMMA_BELOW,
't' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_T_WITH_DIAERESIS,
't' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_T_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
't' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_T_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_ACUTE,
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_BREVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_BREVE,
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_CARON,
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_DIAERESIS,
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_DIAERESIS_AND_ACUTE,
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_DIAERESIS_AND_CARON,
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_DIAERESIS_AND_GRAVE,
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_DIAERESIS_AND_MACRON,
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_DIAERESIS_BELOW,
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOUBLE_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_DOUBLE_ACUTE,
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_GRAVE,
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_HOOK_ABOVE,
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_MACRON,
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_MACRON_AND_DIAERESIS,
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_OGONEK => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_OGONEK,
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_RING_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_RING_ABOVE,
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_TILDE,
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_U_WITH_TILDE_AND_ACUTE,
'v' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_V_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'v' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_V_WITH_TILDE,
'w' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_W_WITH_ACUTE,
'w' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_W_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'w' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_W_WITH_DIAERESIS,
'w' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_W_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'w' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_W_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'w' . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_W_WITH_GRAVE,
'w' . UTF8::COMBINING_RING_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_W_WITH_RING_ABOVE,
'x' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_X_WITH_DIAERESIS,
'x' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_X_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'y' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Y_WITH_ACUTE,
'y' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Y_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'y' . UTF8::COMBINING_DIAERESIS => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Y_WITH_DIAERESIS,
'y' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Y_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'y' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Y_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
'y' . UTF8::COMBINING_GRAVE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Y_WITH_GRAVE,
'y' . UTF8::COMBINING_HOOK_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Y_WITH_HOOK_ABOVE,
'y' . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Y_WITH_MACRON,
'y' . UTF8::COMBINING_RING_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Y_WITH_RING_ABOVE,
'y' . UTF8::COMBINING_TILDE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Y_WITH_TILDE,
'z' . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Z_WITH_ACUTE,
'z' . UTF8::COMBINING_CARON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Z_WITH_CARON,
'z' . UTF8::COMBINING_CIRCUMFLEX_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Z_WITH_CIRCUMFLEX,
'z' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_ABOVE => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Z_WITH_DOT_ABOVE,
'z' . UTF8::COMBINING_DOT_BELOW => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_Z_WITH_DOT_BELOW,
UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_AE . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_AE_WITH_ACUTE,
UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_AE . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_AE_WITH_MACRON,
UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_STROKE . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_CAPITAL_LETTER_O_WITH_STROKE_AND_ACUTE,
UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_AE . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_AE_WITH_ACUTE,
UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_AE . UTF8::COMBINING_MACRON => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_AE_WITH_MACRON,
UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_STROKE . UTF8::COMBINING_ACUTE_ACCENT => UTF8::LATIN_SMALL_LETTER_O_WITH_STROKE_AND_ACUTE,
];
// ANSEL supports O and U with a horn diacritic, but not the combining diacritic.
private const array HORN_CONVERT_STEP_1 = [
'O' . UTF8::COMBINING_HORN => "\x00O_WITH_HORN\x00",
'U' . UTF8::COMBINING_HORN => "\x00U_WITH_HORN\x00",
'o' . UTF8::COMBINING_HORN => "\x00o_WITH_HORN\x00",
'u' . UTF8::COMBINING_HORN => "\x00u_WITH_HORN\x00",
];
private const array HORN_CONVERT_STEP_2 = [
"\x00O_WITH_HORN\x00" => "\xAC",
"\x00U_WITH_HORN\x00" => "\xAD",
"\x00o_WITH_HORN\x00" => "\xBC",
"\x00u_WITH_HORN\x00" => "\xBD",
];
/**
* Convert a string from another encoding to UTF-8.
*
* @param string $text
*
* @return string
*/
public function toUtf8(string $text): string
{
// ANSEL diacritics are prefixes. UTF-8 diacritics are suffixes.
$text = preg_replace('/([\xE0-\xFF]+)(.)/', '$2$1', $text);
// Simple substitution creates denormalized UTF-8.
$text = strtr($text, self::TO_UTF8);
// Convert combining diacritics into pre-composed characters.
return strtr($text, self::PRECOMPOSED_CHARACTERS);
}
/**
* Convert a string from UTF-8 to another encoding.
*
* @param string $text
*
* @return string
*/
public function fromUtf8(string $text): string
{
// Convert pre-composed characters into combining diacritics.
$text = strtr($text, array_flip(self::PRECOMPOSED_CHARACTERS));
// ANSEL supports letters with horns, but not the combining horn.
$text = strtr($text, self::HORN_CONVERT_STEP_1);
// Convert characters and combining diacritics separately.
$text = parent::fromUtf8($text);
// ANSEL supports two letters with horns, but not the combining horn.
$text = strtr($text, self::HORN_CONVERT_STEP_2);
// ANSEL diacritics are prefixes. UTF-8 diacritics are suffixes.
$text = preg_replace('/([^\xE0-\xFF])([\xE0-\xFF]+)/', '$2$1', $text);
return $text;
}
}
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